Many children today have never memorized or recited it as part of their school experience. It was performed exactly as the Nazi salute.
Though The Pledge of Allegiance has been modified over the years to reflect various social and political attitudes pertaining to church and state and expressions of patriotism in schools, its compulsory status has declined in recent years. "We give our heads and hearts to God and our country one country, one language, one flag!"
The custom of the salute was later changed to hand-over-heart, particularly because of its frightening similarity to the "Heil Hitler" salute preceding Word War II.įive years before Bellamy's, Colonel George Balch, a Civil War veteran, wrote a similar pledge (but it was not adopted as the nation's official pledge): The campaign was a wild success, adopted by almost every school in the United States. A few decades after the Bellamy Salute made its debut, fascists in Italy and Germany started doing one just like it. On December 22nd, 1942 the Bellamy salute was officially replaced with the hand over heart gesture we are familiar with today. He promoted it at a national conference of school superintendents, who along with the National Education Association, launched a campaign to have it recited daily by all school children, with a hand extended in a "flag salute" or "Bellamy salute" facing the flag. Bellamy's pledge was first published in the magazine in 1892, commensurate with the 400th anniversary of Columbus Day. They supported the schoolhouse flag movement, selling flags to over 26,000 schools, which was almost every school in the country at the time. Bellamy, cousin of socialist utopian novelist, Edward Bellamy, followed in his father's footsteps, becoming the minister of the First Baptist Church in Rome, New York.īellamy traveled extensively to promote his faith, and it was in Massachusetts that he wrote what became officially titled The Pledge of Allegiance as part of a campaign by the patriotic magazine, the Youth's Companion. The so-called Bellamy Salute was used by schoolchildren across the nation when reciting the Pledge until the onset of World War II in 1939 when German and Italian fascists began using virtually the same salute as a sign of loyalty to Nazi dictators Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
#Bellamy salute code
"Under God" was added by Congress on Flag Day, 1954. The Bellamy salute was officially replaced by the hand- over-heart salute when Congress amended the Flag Code on December. Pledge of Allegiance and socialist Baptist minister who believed strongly in the separation of church and state. Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) was the author of the U.S.
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